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 Residential Care and Community Integration
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Deinstitutionalization

Last updated 3/30/03.

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VI. Deinstitutionalization (See also " Community Integration")

Boudreault, Paul, “Deinstitutionalization of individuals with mental disabilities and their perception of the quality of life,” Revue Francophone de la Deficience Intellectuelle, December, 1990.  

Braddock, D., & Heller, T, “The closure of mental retardation institutions I: Trends,” Mental Retardation, 23, 168-176, 1985.  

Braddock, D., & Heller, T, “The closure of mental retardation institutions II: Implications,” Mental Retardation, 23, 222-229, 1985. 

Braddock, D., “Deinstitutionalization in Georgia, the South, and the United States, paper presented at the annual colloquium series at the University of Georgia's University Affiliated Facility, The UAF, Athens, GA, 1986.

Braddock, D., & Heller, T, The closure of mental retardation institutions: Trends and implications, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Evaluation and Public Policy Analysis Program, Chicago, 1984.  

Braddock, D., Heller, T., & Zashin, E., The closure of the Dixon Developmental Center: A study of the implementation and consequences of a public policy: Year two interim report, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Evaluation and Public Policy Analysis Program, Chicago, 1984.

Braddock, D., “Deinstitutionalization in the Eighties,” Paper prepared for the Florida Forum on Deinstitutionalization. Tallahassee, FL and Chicago: State Developmental Disabilities Planning Council and University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Tallahassee, FL and Chicago, 1985.

Braddock, D., Issues in the closure of state-operated developmental centers in Illinois: A briefing paper (prepared for the Chicago Tribune Editorial Board; the Arc/Illinois; People First of Illinois; and United Cerebral Palsy, Illinois, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute on Disability and Human Development, Chicago, May 8, 1995.

Bradley, Valerie J., Deinstitutionalization of developmentally disabled persons: a conceptual analysis and guide, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1978.

Bruininks, R., Deinstitutionalization and Community Adjustment of Mentally Retarded People, American Association of Mental Retardation, 1981.  

Causby, Vickie D.; York, Reginald O., “Social support and the success of deinstitutionalization,” Journal of Applied Social Sciences, Spring-Summer 1990.

Cummins, Robert A.; Polzin, Udo; Theobald, Theresa. “Deinstitutionalization of St Nicholas Hospital: IV. A four-year follow-up of resident life-style,” Australia & New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1990.

Cummins, Robert A.; Dunt, David R., “The deinstitutionalization of St. Nicholas Hospital: II, Lifestyle, community contact and family attitudes,” Australia & New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities,”  1990.

Davis, DeWayne, Fox-Grage, Wendy, and Gehshan, Shelly, Deinstitutionalization of Persons with Developmental Disabilities: A Technical Assistance Report for Legislators, National Conference of State Legislatures, Washington, D.C.

“The doubts grow: care in the community” (shifting developmentally disabled from regional centers to community care in California), The Economist (US), v342 n8011 p28(2), April 5, 1997.

Dunt, David R.; Cummins, Robert A., “The deinstitutionalization of St. Nicholas Hospital: I. Adaptive behaviours and physical health,” Australia & New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 1990.

Emerson, E.B., "Evaluating the impact of deinstitutionalization on the lives of mentally retarded people," American Journal of Mental Deficiency 90 (3), 1985.

Fine, Mark A.; Tangeman, Paul J.; Woodard, Julie, “Changes in adaptive behavior of older adults with mental retardation following deinstitutionalization,” American Journal on Mental Retardation, May 1990.  

Folsom, Geneva S., et al., Life Skills for the Developmentally Disabled: An Approach to Accountability in Deinstitutionalization. Volume III: Manual for Training Clients, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 1975.

Fujiura, G.T., “Cost evaluation of residential alternatives,” In L.W. Heal, J.I. Haney, & A.R. Novak (Eds.) The integration of developmentally disabled adults into the community, second edition, 227-243  Paul H. Brooks Publishing Company, Baltimore, 1988.

Grimes, Susan K.; Vitello, Stanley J., “Follow-up study of family attitudes toward deinstitutionalization: Three to seven years later,” Mental Retardation, August, 1990.

Halpern, Joseph, Myths of Deinstitutionalization: Policies for the Mentally Disabled, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 1980.

Hawkins, Donald E., Folsom, Geneva S., Life Skills for the Developmentally Disabled: An Approach to Accountability in Deinstitutionalization, Volume I: Project Summary and Evaluation Report, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., July 1, 1974-July 30, 1975.

Hayes, S. C, "Out of the Frying Pan--Making De-Institutionalization Work," Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, v10 n4, Dec 1984.

Heal, Laird W.; et al., "Movement of Developmentally Disabled Individuals among out-of-Home Residential Facilities," Research in Developmental Disabilities, v10 n3, 1989.

Heinlein, Ken B.; Fortune, Jon, "Who Stays, Who Goes? Downsizing the Institution in America's Most Rural State," Research in Developmental Disabilities, v16 n3, May-Jun, 1995.

Heller, T. & Braddock, D, “Institutional closure: A study of resident impact,” Mental Retardation Systems, 2, 30-44, 1985.

Heller, T., Bond, M., & Braddock, D., “Family reactions to institutional closure,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 92, 336-343, 1988.

Heller, T., & Braddock, D., The closure of the Dixon Developmental Center: Final report, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Chicago, 1986.

Heller, T., Factor, A. & Braddock, D., Illinois closure project: Galesburg Mental Health Center closure's impact on facilities receiving developmentally disabled residents, final report, University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Chicago, 1986. 

Heller, T., Bond, M., & Braddock, D, “Family reactions to institutional closure,” (a working paper), University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Chicago, 1986.

Heller, T. & Braddock, D., Institutional closure: A study of resident impact. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago, Institute for the Study of Developmental Disabilities, Chicago, 1985.

Hemming, H. et al., "Quality of life of mentally retarded adults transferred from large institutions to new small units," American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86 (2), 1981.

Hill, Bradley J., Bruininks, Robert H, "Maladaptive Behavior of Mentally Retarded Individuals in Residential Facilities," American Journal of Mental Deficiency; v88 n4, Jan, 1984.

Hitzing, Wade, et al., Residential Services in Ohio: The Need to Shift from a Facility-Based to a Home-Centered Service System, The Community Services Subcommittee Deinstitutionalization Task Force, Position Paper No. 2, 1984.

Hudson-Allez, G and Barrett, J  “Attitudes to people with intellectual disabilities moving into ordinary houses: what the neighbours say,” Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 9, 1, 1996.

Institute on Community Integration, "Behavioral Outcomes of Deinstitutionalization for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review of Studies Conducted between 1980 and 1999," Policy Research Brief, v10 n1, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Oct, 1999.

Johnson, Kelley, Deinstitutionalising Women: An Ethnographic Study of Institutional Closure, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Johnson, K., “Deinstitutionalization: The management of rights,” Disability and Society, 13, 1998.

Jones, Elizabeth, “Closing institutions, opening doors,” (Maryland should close state-run institutions and put adults with developmental disabilities in community residences)(Letter to the Editor), The Washington Post, v119 n187 pC8 col 2 (12 col in), June 9, 1996.

Jourdan-Ionescu, Colette; Ionescu, Serban; Corbeil, Luc;  Rivest, Christine,  Evaluation of deinstitutionalization: I. Quality of life, Revue Francophone de la Deficience Intellectuelle, June, 1990.

Kleinberg, J. & Galligan, B., “Effects of deinstitutionalization on adaptive behavior of mentally retarded adults,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88, 1983.

Knobbe, Carol A.; Carey, Sean P.; Rhodes, Larry; Horner,  Robert H., “Benefit|cost analysis of community residential versus    institutional services for adults with severe mental  retardation and challenging behaviors,” American Journal on Mental Retardation, March, 1995.

Lakin, K.C., Prouty, R., Smith, G., & Braddock, D, “Trends and Milestones -- Places of residence of Medicaid HCBS recipients,” Mental Retardation, 33, 406, 1995.

Larson, S. & Lakin, C, “Deinstitutionalization of persons with mental retardation: The impact on daily living skills,” Policy Research Brief, U of MN Institute on Community Integration, Minneapolis, 1989.

LoConto, David G.; Dodder, Richard A, "The Right to be Human: Deinstitutionalization and Wishes of People with Developmental Disabilities," Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, v32 n2, Jun 1997.

Lord, John and Pedlar, Alison, "Life in the community: Four years after the closure of an institution," Mental Retardation 29, 1991.

Loughman, Sharon, Perceived Needs of Developmentally Disabled Skilled Care Facility and Intermediate Care Facility Residents as Compared to Their Non-institutionalized Peers, The Center for Independent Living of Greater Bridgeport, 1983.

Lynch, Patricia; Kellow, J. Thomas; Willson, Victor L, "The Impact of Deinstitutionalization on the Adaptive Behavior of Adults with Mental Retardation: A Meta-Analysis," Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, v32 n3, Sep 1997.

MacCarthy, Patricia A., “Resettlement of mentally handicapped trainees from two psychiatric hospitals,“ Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, March 1990.  

Minnesota Department of Human Services, Cost-effectiveness of different models of community support for persons with developmental disabilities leaving Minnesota's regional treatment centers, St. Paul, MN, 1996.

Mansell, J. and Ericsson, K., Editors, Deinstitutionalization and Community Living:  Intellectual Disability Services in Britain, Scandinavia, & the U.S.A., Chapman & Hall, London, 1996.

Molony, H. and Tapin, J., "Deinstitutionalization of people with developmental disability," Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 12(2), 1988.

Nøttestad J.A.; Linaker  O.M., “Psychiatric health needs and services before and after complete deinstitutionalization of people with intellectual disability,” Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, December 1999, vol. 43, no. 6.

O'Neill, John; Brown, Margaret; Gordon, Wayne A.; Orazem, John P.; and others, “Medicaid versus state funding of community residences: Impact on daily life of people with mental retardation,” Mental Retardation, June 1990.

Paul, James L, Stedman, Donald, and Neufeld, G. Ronald, editor, Deinstitutionalization: Program and Policy Development, Syracuse University Press, 1977.

Perel, Israel, "Deinstitutionalization at a Large Facility: A Focus on Treatment," Research in Developmental Disabilities, v13 n1, 1992.

Perel, Israel, "Deinstitutionalization at a Large Facility: A Focus on Treatment," Research in Developmental Disabilities, v13 n1, 1992.

Racino, Julie Ann, Community Integration and Deinstitutionalization: Characteristics, Practices, and Comparative Roles in the Change Process, 1993, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Roeher Institute, Towards Inclusion: National Evaluation of Deinstitutionalization Initiatives, Professional Report, Ontario, 1999.

Singh, Nirbhay N., “Moving beyond institutional care for individuals with developmental disabilities,” Journal of Child & Family Studies, June 1995.

Smith, J. David; Polloway, Edward A., "Patterns of Deinstitutionalization and Community Placement: A Dream Deferred or Lost?" Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, v30 n4, Dec 1995.

Spreat S.; Conroy J.W., “The impact of deinstitutionalization on family contact,” Research in Developmental Disabilities, May 2002, vol. 23, no. 3.

Stancliffe, R and Abery, B, "Longitudinal study of deinstitutionalisation and the exercise of choice," Mental Retardation, 35, 3, 159-169, 1997.

Stancliffe, R and Hayden, M, 'Longitudinal study of institutional downsizing: effects on individuals who remain in the institution," American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 5, 500-510, 1998.

Stone, James A,  “Returning to the community: A nine-year experience,” Adult Residential Care Journal, Spring 1990.

Strauss, D; Kastner, T and Shavelle, R "Mortality of adults with developmental disabilities living in California institutions and community care, "1985-1994, Mental Retardation, 36, 5, 360-371, 1998.

Sullivan, Ruth Christ, Ed., "What Does Deinstitutionalization Mean for Our Children?" Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, v11 n3, Sep, 1981.

Thinn, K.; Clarke, David J.; Corbett, J. A., Pedlar, Alison, “Normalization and integration: A look at the Swedish  experience, “ Mental Retardation, October 1990.

Tracy, Michael L. and Guskin, Samuel, Deinstitutionalization: a reorganization of the delivery of services to the developmentally disabled, Indiana University Developmental Training Center, Bloomington, Ind., 1981.

Tsiantis J, Perakis A, Kordoutis P, Kolaitis G, Zacharias V, “The Leros PIKPA asylum. Deinstitutionalisation and rehabilitation project,”  Br J Psychiatry Suppl, (28):10-45, July, 1995.

United States Congress, Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources, Subcommittee on the Handicapped of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources, 97th Congress, first session, On oversight on the Effects of Deinstitutionalization of Mentally Retarded Citizens, Hartford, CT, April 14 and 15, 1981.

Wagner, Bernard R.; Long, Daniel F.; Reynolds, Michael L.; Taylor, John R, “Voluntary transformation from an institutionally based to a community-based service system,” Mental Retardation, October, 1995.

Walker, Pam, Coming Home: From Deinstitutionalization to Supporting People in Their Own Homes in Region VI, New Hampshire, 1993, available from the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC).

Young, Louise; Sigafoos, Jeff; Suttie, Janene; Ashman, Adrian; Grevell, Paul. Deinstitutionalisation of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities: A Review of Australian Studies, Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, v23 n2, Jun 1998.

Zirpoli, Thomas J., Wieck, Colleen, "Economic and Political Factors Affecting Deinstitutionalization: One State's Analysis," Journal of Special Education, v23 n2, Sum, 1989.

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